Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 6

Case Study Example elementary school, I have analyzed that it is essential to develop innovative facilities for the students to enhance the portfolio and demand in the market among others. Along with this, it might be also worth trying to introduce varied types of extra-curricular activities such as lab and library facilities, an Accelerated Reader Program to develop the joy of reading among students and character education classroom programs to enhance the inner skills and talents of the students. Only then, the dominance of the school may be maintained in such a competitive market scenario as compared to others. Along with this, the profit margin and sales might be enhanced resulting in amplification of the brand equity in the market. Side by side, the market value and reputation of the organization might also be enhanced among other rivals in the market (Sadler, 2003). Only then the mission statement of the Maryland elementary school of becoming the top player in this sector might get fulfilled as compared to others in the market. Side by side, its range of students might also get enhanced day by day very rapidly. Trait theory: It is an approach describing the personalities of human beings. It is essential, because on the basis of his or her personality traits, I might approach the person for further discussion regarding the prospects of the goals in this competitive scenario. For example, this theory might also prove effective in understanding the personality traits of the senior managers and the administrators enrolled below me for the fulfillment of this task. Thus, it may be stated that trait theory of leadership is extremely essential for any leader or members of any organization or group. So, it is extremely essential for the leaders to attain a definite type of skills and traits to accomplish the objectives or goals (Sadler, 2003). Transformational leadership theory: This theory always tries to reject the personal interest and motivate the peers and employees to work for

Business Intelligence Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Business Intelligence - Essay Example Thus, business intelligence allows an enterprise to generate data related to the enterprise customers, competition and internal functions, to be able to predict and plan for the future performance of the business (Stackowiak, Rayman & Greenwald, 2007:27). Business Intelligence allows an enterprise to generate significant data that points at both the enterprise trend and the general business trend in the industry that an enterprise serves. Thus, through the use of the Business Intelligence techniques, it becomes possible for an enterprise to make more accurate decisions. For example, Business Intelligence helps in reaching managerial decisions regarding the appropriate tactical and strategic managerial decisions, customer satisfaction improvement, as well as determining the right supply and distribution channels or entry strategy into a specific market segment (Inmon, 1999:42). The most common types of Business Intelligence techniques that are applied by businesses include the data mi ning techniques, statistical analysis, online analytical processing (OLAP), forecasting techniques and the basic query and reporting technique (Stackowiak, Rayman & Greenwald, 2007:21). Apple Inc. is a USA based computer and electronic manufacturing multinational company that was established in 1976 (Linzmayer, 1999:14). This company has served as the model for numerous case studies into both innovation and management efficiency, for its role in transforming a potentially small home-based computer manufacturing garage into a leading giant multi-national corporation in the global computer and manufacturing industry. Thus, the company deals in the business of manufacture and sale of computers and related computer products, computer software, electronics and also offer of various online services such as music, software and apps retail services

Management Communication Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Management Communication - Essay Example I believe in this case, the best way to rejuvenate the team is through team building. This will help the team identify their strengths and weaknesses both as a group and as individuals and learn how to overcome the weaknesses while maximizing on their strengths. Following this option will help the team become even more functional and efficient than it was before. C) Set up a white board and write down each issue that is raised. After you have compiled a list over a week or so, add a problem solving segment to each meeting, in which you and the team tackle each issue per meeting to determine the scope of each problems and identify possible solutions. This option is the best in my opinion because it will help accommodate everyone’s views and will also enable us to solve problems in a harmonious way. By creating a segment for problem solving, we shall be able to conduct our meetings with a lot of order and manage to handle emerging issues amicably as well. I would fall for this candidate because I believe she posses the qualities that would make her be a top paralegal, her dress code notwithstanding. The work of a paralegal involves a lot of social interactions, offering assistance and dealing appropriately with clients and other employees. For her manner of dressing, I would advise her appropriately during the interview in order for her to fit in her new role. a) A team should first agree on the projects goals proceeding to do any planning, researching or even writing. In this way, they will have a picture of how they want the project to be and where they intend to reach which the project and will guide the group in all their work throughout the project. This option will relieve her of her worries and problems with the English language and will ensure she concentrates on what she does best in her programming role. This will lead to better program development through teamwork. This will enable

Family Care International Company Analysis Statistics Project

Family Care International Company Analysis - Statistics Project Example The importance of a nonprofit organization is that it helps in the development and the betterment of living of certain individuals within a society. Their role is important in providing assistance to the people wherein they seek of gaining profit and most of the times are voluntarily made by the members of the group. Will you do a strategic planning framework? The strategy to be employed for this project is a performance measure, wherein the project will present the internal and external environment of the organization, the strategic points employed by it and also the increased and also analyzing the performance of the organization in helping people who it intends to help. Performance measures are objective, quantitative indicators of various aspects of the performance of public programs and agencies. Basically the mission of FCI is to launch women groups who will help women and children in African countries and assure that their family life will be properly protected by them. The pl an will be for the entire organization, that is, it will help the institution to assess their performance and improve it for the future. Basically, the rigid laws governing the nonprofit organizations regarding their handling of money and the tax exemption can affect on their productivity. Thus, the organization may have a hard time to continue their operations and processing of data within the organization will be slow. Productivity and innovation will be difficult as the laws make it hard for them to do it. The plan will follow the following outline: About FCIA. Mission b. Principles and Activities Internal Environment of FCI External Environment of FCI Models of Management of FCI Performance of FCI This project will adopt a qualitative method wherein the researcher will have to talk personally to the staff of FCI to be able to assess their knowledge towards their own mission and organization. This style is more feasible in aiming of a collective response and personal approach in obtaining the needed data for the study. Qualitative style can help the researcher analyze how FCI can better help the people and obtain their objectives. PART 2 Stakeholder Analysis and Engagement Plan The stakeholders include The World Bank, non-governmental organizations (World Vision and Action Aid International), World Health Organization, health experts (Medical doctors, clinical officers and nutritionists), women and children below the age of 14 years, as well as the government (US Government). The place of each stakeholder on the power vs. interest grid below Low-High Women & children (below the age of 14 years) High-high World Bank World Health Organization NGO’s (Above mentioned) Low-low Health experts (Med

Shopping online Essay Example for Free

Shopping online Essay People need to purchase items such as clothing, and now have the choice to shop online or make purchases in the traditional manner. I. Online shopping has increased and changed the way people shop. 1) There is convince having the ability to shop from home. *With the introduction of internet shopping online has become popular. Shopping online allows access to merchandise sold world wide. It is a growing part of retail. Online shopping is time saving and convenient. There is often no cost for traveling when ordering items online. People do not have to interact. *Shopping online an individual does not have face to face transactions. There is limited person to person interaction with online shopping. People do not have to deal with crowds or unwanted socializing. Ording items online can occur around the clock without the needing another persons assistance. A person can make returns and purchases with the click of a computer mouse. 3) Security of personal information and merchandise. Reliable shopping websites offers a secure way to make transactions. PayPal is a company that offers a reliable and secure way to make shopping online purchases. Using only secure sites will help secure personal information. Tracking numbers to track packages containing purchased items are often provided or can be requested. When making online purchase a confirmation can be sent to a personal email account if one has been provided. II. Traditional shopping offers things that internet shopping does not. 1) There is the ability to interact face to face with others. *When people go outside of their homes to shop they are able to socialize and make to acquaintances. With face to face shopping you can make sure that you are charged correctly. If someone is not charged correctly or mistakes have been made, a receipt is often given at the point of sell. It is easy to haggle for deals when shopping in person. Traditional shopping offers families and friends the chance to spend time together. 2) People can physically and visually check the quality of the merchandise. *With traditional shopping items to be purchased can be examined in advance of purchase. If the quality of an item is not what it should be it can be noticed quickly and easily when shopping traditionally. Some individuals prefer to look before they buy items to ensure they receive what they want. Shopping traditionally allows people the opportunity to do so. 3) It cost money to travel for shopping to make purchases. * Traveling of some sort will happen when shopping the traditional way. The expense of gas or bus tickets should be considered. Factoring in the cost of travel with the amount intended for shopping can help those on a budget. When shopping traditionally quality products are often found various areas. Travel expense will occur. III. Peoples shopping experience varies depending on how they shop via online or traditionally. 1) Some people enjoy socializing when shopping while others do not. * People shop traditionally to spend time with family and friends. These people often enjoy socializing and are not concerned with crowds. Other people enjoy shopping online because of how convenient it is. People have different needs and desires. 2) Make sure personal information is secure and purchases are correct. *When shopping making sure personal information such as someone’s social security number is secure is important. Online shoppers and traditional shoppers should receive some proof of purchase once an item is purchased. Reviewing the receipt of any purchased item will aid with corrections if needed. Keeping record and receipts will also help if an item purchased needs to be returned or is defective. 3) The quality of merchandise, who, and how items are purchased should be considered when shopping. *Shopping online or traditionally the seller’s reputation and credibility should be a consideration. Traditional shopping and online shopping offer the choice of who someone does business with. Quality and hard to find items are found easily on the internet and when shopping the traditional way. III. Conclusion 4) With the introduction of internet shopping individual can choose to make purchases online or in person. Online shopping has a large consumer market, but people also enjoy face to face transactions when shopping. The quality of merchandise, who, and how items are purchased are things considered when shopping. How someone chooses to shop depends on personal preference. The choices is yours.

Western society Essay Example for Free

Western society Essay Marie Chiu is a Chinese national who is now residing in the United States and is studying at a Californian State as a Middle School Student. She has moved to US because of the urge of her parents for her to take her studies and later on work in the said country. She is currently living with her parents in California as she takes her studies in a state university. Memory and Learning Humans as individually different as they are, have different terms of learning that actually helps them in becoming the persons that they are at present and further towards the future. The ability of humans to remember the impact of the past experiences that they once had and the persistence that they have towards understanding the situations that they dealt with before makes them a lot stronger in facing the changes as well as the challenges that they need to understand for the sake of establishing their future. Memory and Learning- THE Interview As an Asian, it was not that easy for her to adjust to the western lifestyle. Although she has her parents right beside her, it could not be denied that the effort she places on actually being able to adjust with the American lifestyle has brought her stress during her first months of staying in the country. Today however, she has already been able to cope up with the said adjustments after being able to stay in the US for at least a year now. As a cognitive learner, she says that her being able to understand and immediately adapt to the culture of a foreign land. She primarily used her experiences as well as the moral learning she particularly gained from her ancestors in China to be able to face the challenges that she needed to face the new life offered to her in the United States. As a student, she is able to remember as much information as she could retain in her mind. Most of the time, she notes this particular ability in connection with her wanting of becoming a fast learner as she actually feels the pressure and the need of being one especially that she is living in a new society. She points out further that this attitude towards learning particularly sprung out from her wanting to adjust faster to the American society. As part of the learning process, she prefers learning necessary informations on the western culture as well as with her studies [formal education] in people-filled areas. She noted that this procedure has actually helped her see how the things she reads from the book is seen accurately applied with the people’s dealings as she sees them. She further explains that this is the process by which she integrates reading and observing at the same time. IT is through this that she is able to see the accuracy of what she learns from the books. Personality Development Society is generally composed of individuals who have multi-diverse personality and characteristics as influenced by many social factors including philosophy and culture. In this aspect, many social factors influenced and affect the development of the individual resulting to its uniqueness from the general field. Each person has his or her own personality based mainly on his or her philosophy, culture, lifestyle and others. One of the most influential sociological factor in the modern society is the perspective of interactionism. In this sociological perspective, individuals in the society have the philosophy wherein they can eliminate or negate the effects particularly the negative side of social labeling. This promotes the personal view that individuals can breakthrough the sociological definition of their existence levied upon them by the society as a whole. In addition, the sociological perspective of interactionism points out the individuals can resist against the influence of sociological status quo in the development of the personality of each individual. Thus, this sociological perspective ideally promotes the concept of individual rights for their own free will. Personality Development- The Interview As a non-native American, her personality has been mainly influenced by her traditional origins and the influences that she primarily received from transferring in the country. Moreover, she was able the fact that she was able to adapt to the American lifestyle already, she is then considered reformed as a person. In terms of culture and social awareness, Anna Marie Chiu is now more open to accepting the different dimensions of cultural changes especially if she knows that those changes would do her well as an individual. During her examination at school, she remembers taking the Myers Briggs Test [which is an examination aimed to scale the personality of an individual based upon the measurements of attitude that the questionnaires are based from]. As she took the said examination, she was able to understand why she is the way she is. She considers the examination results highly accurate and considerably acceptable on her part. The understanding particularly placed on her being culturally different from the society that she is presently living in actually convinced her that the examination results actually showed her how she could be able to adjust to the Western society through utilizing her strengths as an individual and at the same time regulating her weaknesses.

Synthesising Benzocaine via Reflux with a Condenser

Synthesising Benzocaine via Reflux with a Condenser Synthesis and characterisation of benzocaine experiment practical report Aim: The experiment was to synthesise benzocaine via reflux with a condenser and was characterised by examining at the infra-red spectrum and chemical shifts of NMR. Introduction: Benzocaine belongs to a collection of medication identified as local anaesthetics and generally consumed as a topical pain reliever. Its mechanism of action is to prevent nerve conduction when applied locally in appropriate concentration to nerve tissues. The main benefit of local anaesthetics is that it does not cause unconsciousness to the patient and its action could be reversible. The use of local anaesthetics presents complete tissue recovery with no permanent damage. The intention of the experiment was to synthesise benzocaine, an ester, from 4-aminobenzoic acid, a carboxylic acid, by Fischer Esterification. The mechanism in figure 1 was to combined 4-aminobenzoic acid and ethanol in a reflux reaction with the addition of sulphuric acid as a catalyst to produce the product. Figure 1 Method: In week one of the experiment, 4-aminobenzoic acid (3.0g), methylated spirits (20cm3) and concentrated sulphuric acid (3.0ml) was added to a dry round bottom flask (100cm3). A condenser was then placed onto the flask. Next, the mixture was placed on a heating mantle and the reflux reaction was carried out for thirty minutes. Afterwards, the reaction mixture was cooled down to room temperature and the condenser was removed. The mixture was gently stirred with a glass rod while sodium hydroxide solution 20 % (20cm3) was added slowly until the mixture has reached neutral using strips of pH paper. Subsequently, pour the contents into a beaker containing 70cm3 of ice and rinse the flask with fresh distilled water into the beaker until the capacity is 150cm3. A Buchner funnel was then used in vacuum filtration to isolate the product. Lastly the product was transferred to a watch glass and dried in the oven for 15 minutes. In week two the experiment was repeated, conversely, isoprop yl alcohol was used instead of methylated spirits. Results: Percentage Yield = (Actual Yield / Theoretical Yield) x 100 1st week’s percentage yield C7H7NO2= 127 + 7 + 14 + 32= 137g/mol C2H5OH= 24 + 5 + 16 + 1= 46 g/mol C9H11NO2= 108 + 11 + 14 + 32 = 165g/mol 1st step: 3g divide 137 g/mol = 0.0219mol à ¯Ã†â€™Ã… ¸ limiting reagent 2nd step: 0.789g/ml of methylated spirit x 20ml (used) = 15.78g 3rd step: 15.78g divide 46g/mol = 0.343mol 4th step: 0.0219mol x 165g/mol = 3.6135g theoretical mass of benzocaine First week’s product mass (benzocaine): 2.28grams Percentage yield: 2.28g/3.6135g= 0.63 x 100 = 63% 2nd week’s percentage yield C7H7NO2= 127 + 7 + 14 + 32 = 137g/mol C2H5OH= 24 + 5 + 16 + 1= 46g/mol C10H13NO2= 179g/mol 1st step: 3g divide 137g/mol= 0.0219mol à ¯Ã†â€™Ã… ¸ limiting reagent 2nd step: 0.786g/ml of Isopropyl alcohol x 20ml (used) = 15.72g 3rd step: 15.72g divide 46g/mol = 0.342mol 4th step: 0.0219mol x 179g/mol = 3.92g theoretical mass of Isopropyl 4-aminobenzoate Second week’s product mass (Isopropyl 4-aminobenzoate): 0.29grams Percentage yield: 0.29g/3.92g= 7.4% Ethyl 4-aminobenzoate (benzocaine) first week’s product Experiment melting point: 92-96 degrees Celsius Reference melting point: 80-90 degrees Celsius Isopropyl 4-aminobenzoate second week’s product Experiment melting point: 83-85 degrees Celsius Reference melting point: 84 degrees Celsius 13Carbon-NMR4-aminobenzoic acid: Benzocaine: H-NMR 4-aminobenzoic acid: Benzocaine: Infrared Analysis (Benzocaine) Week 1 product: (Isopropyl 4-aminobenzoate) Week 2 product: DEPT-135 NMR 4-aminobenzoic acid Benzocaine Discussion of results: In the experiment, the final appearance of both products appears to be crystalline like powders after drying them in the oven. The first product (benzocaine) melting point appears to be 92-96 degrees Celsius and compare to the theoretical value, it was considered high. Conversely, the second product (isopropyl 4-aminobenzoic acid) melting point was 83-85 degrees Celsius and compare to the theoretical value, it was within the range. Due to the fact that the first product has a higher melting point, it is considered that sample was heated too fast using the heating apparatus or the period the product was in the oven may have been too short therefore excess water are trapped in the product causing extra hydrogen bonding in the molecule, hence higher energy was needed to break the bonds. Melting point accuracy depicts purity of the product therefore the shorter the range of melting point implies a productive synthesis. Furthermore, the mass was obtained as the actual yield from benzocaine and isopropyl 4-aminobenzoate to calculate the percentage yield. The theoretical yield of benzocaine was 3.6135grams and the mass obtained in the experiment was 2.28grams, giving a percentage yield of 63 %. This is a high percentage yield, representing a productive synthesis. Conversely, in the second experiment the theoretical yield was 3.92 grams and the mass obtained in the experiment was 0.29grams, giving a percentage yield of 7.4 %. This is a relatively low yield, representing a poor synthesis. This failure synthesis may have been due to several errors including inaccurate instrumental handling techniques, loss of product due to several transferences, inaccurate measurement of resources, and not scraping the entire product out of the Buchner funnel. (4-aminobenzoic acid) (Benzocaine) In H-NMR, 4-aminobenzoic acid and benzocaine was identified. By looking at 4-aminobenzoic acid, there were 5 distinct peaks representing 5 distinct proton atmospheres available in the molecule. However the structure of benzocaine, the H-NMR identifies 6 distinct peaks representing 6 distinct proton atmospheres. By observing the peaks in the both molecules, similar singlet peaks were found. The singlet peak for 4-aminobenzoic acid was 5.7747ppm and benzocaine was 4.0609ppm.Both singlet groups were considered amine groups since the 2 hydrogen connected to the nitrogen (pink) creates the same environment therefore only 1 peak was found. In both molecules, the amine group is considered as an electron donating group since it shields the hydrogen on the adjacent carbons (blue) in the aromatic ring. This shielding causes the hydrogen on the adjacent carbons (blue) to have a lower chemical shift in the spectrum than the hydrogen on the other carbons (red) in the aromatic ring. Furthermore, the hydrogen on the other carbons (red) has a higher chemical shift due to the close distance with the carbonyl group. The carbonyl group is electronegative therefore shifting them at a lower magnetic field. There is a distinct peak appeared in 4-aminobenzoic acid spectrum, showing a chemical shift of 12 ppm which is considered to be part of the hydrogen of the –COOH (light blue). As benzocaine has a longer chain compared to 4-aminobenzoic acid, further observation was needed. In benzocaine a peak was found at about 4.2907ppm-4.3441ppm and has a splitting pattern of quartet. A quartet shows that it had 3 adjacent hydrogen atoms therefore it is related to CH2 (green). Furthermore, another peak was found at about 1.3447ppm-1.3804ppm and has a splitting pattern of triplet. A triplet shows that it had 2 adjacent hydrogen atoms therefore it is related to CH3. Since the carbon of CH2 is closer to the oxygen comparing to CH3 therefore it is more de-shielded causing it to be found at a lower magnetic field. Lastly, there were distinct peaks seen in the spectrum for solvent in benzocaine and 4-aminobenzoic acid. In 4-aminobenzoic acid H-NMR, a peak was found at about 2.4630ppm-2.4676ppm and was found to be the solvent DMSO. In benzocaine, a singlet peak was found at 7.2626pm and was found to be the solvent chloroform. In 13Carbon-NMR, the 4-aminobenzoic acid spectrum has 5 peaks representing 5 distinct carbon atmospheres and benzocaine has 7 peaks representing 7 distinct carbon atmospheres. The peaks are at about 165ppm-168ppm for both molecules represents the occurrence of the carbonyl group (C=O). Furthermore, the solvents were seen on both spectrums. One of 4-aminobenzoic acid’s peaks was at 40.1326ppm which represents DMSO, and benzocaine’s peak was at 77.1052 which represent Chloroform. In the DEPT-135 NMR (Distortionless Enhancement by Polarisation Transfer), it only exemplifies the occurrence between three kinds of carbon groups, (-CH), (-CH2) and (-CH3). (-CH) and (-CH3) carbons are identified through the positive peaks whereas (-CH2) is identified through the negative peaks on the spectrum. By looking at the 4-aminobenzoic acid spectrum, there are two positive peaks representing those are either (-CH) or (-CH3) carbon groups. In the benzocaine spectrum, the occurrence of (-CH) and (-CH3) carbon groups was identified via the positive peaks. However a negative peak was also identified representing a (-CH2) carbon group has occurred in the spectrum. The Infrared spectroscopy is useful for analysing the occurrence of different functional groups of the chemical structures such as benzocaine and isopropyl 4-aminobenzoate. By analysing both products, absorption peaks at about 3361cm-1-3457cm-1 on the spectrum were seen at both products. It was considered that the occurrence of the amine group (N-H) was located at the region. Furthermore looking at the structures of both products, the amine group was connected to carbon with the peaks at about 1308.72cm-1-1365.61cm-1 of the spectrum, which represents a C-N bond found in aromatic amine groups. Additionally, looking at the absorption peaks at about 1441.17cm-1-1441.98cm-1 between the two products, it is considered as the aromatic ring (benzene). Moving through the benzene ring, the spectrum shows the occurrence of the carbonyl group (C=O) that is part of ester group in both products. The absorption peaks measured was about 2824.37cm-1-2983.54cm-1. The carbonyl group of two products were also connected with a C-O bond which is part of the ester group. The peaks measured were 1167.10cm-1-1168.85cm-1 in both products. Conclusion: This experiment was considered failure in terms of the weight of the products. It is time-dependent to obtain more accurate yields and handling techniques. Although the melting points were not varied critically, the first product (benzocaine) was not able to achieve a pure product due to high melting point. Although this experiment was considered failure, we still achieved to synthesize 4-aminobenzoic acid to benzocaine and its derivative (isopropyl 4-aminobenzoic acid). Why do you think the pH of 8 cannot be exceeded in this experiment? In the experiment, the reactants carboxylic acid (4-aminobenzoic acid) and ethanol were used to synthesize esters (benzocaine, isopropyl 4-aminobenzoic acid) and water molecules as leaving group. The Fischer Esterification reaction mainly functions at pH less than 8. However, increasing the alkalinity atmosphere in this experiment implies the occurrence of additional –OH (hydroxide ions) in the reaction. The additional hydroxide ions could cause the reaction to reverse, making the reactants to be more favourable and fewer products will be form. As mentioned, Fischer Esterification usually functions at pH less than 8. However, increasing the alkalinity environment would cause the reaction saponification to dominate since the reaction is reversed. How do you expect the Rf value if you have been asked to the synthesize the butyl and pentyl derivatives? By synthesizing the butyl and pentyl derivatives the Rf value would differ since the polarity with the molecular structure is different. I assumed that the butyl and pentyl derivatives that were made could cause Rf value decreases as the alkyl chain increases. As the chain increases the polarity drops therefore the Rf value decreases. Reference: R. Milnard. The preparation of the local Anesthetic, Benzocaine, by an Esterification Reaction [Internet]. 2006 [updated 2006 October 18; cited 2014 March 7]. Available from: http://courses.chem.psu.edu/chem36/SynFa06Web/Expt86.pdf Cerner Multum Inc. Benzocaine Topical [Internet]. 2013 [updated 2013 May 15; cited 2014 March 7]. Available from: http://www.everydayhealth.com/drugs/benzocaine-topical Clark Jim. Interpreting C-13 NMR Spectra? [Internet]. 2007 [updated 2007; cited 2014 March 7]. Available from: http://www.chemguide.co.uk/analysis/nmr/interpretc13.html Clark Jim. The mechanism for the esterification reaction [Internet]. 2002 [updated 2004; cited 2014 March 7]. Available from: http://www.chemguide.co.uk/physical/catalysis/esterify.html